Debt Recovery in Romania for Polish Clients
Unpaid freight invoices are a frequent issue. Beyond EU instruments, the CMR Convention governs international road-carriage contracts and its limitation periods.
Typical matters for Polish clients
Unpaid freight invoices are a frequent issue. Beyond EU instruments, the CMR Convention governs international road-carriage contracts and its limitation periods.
- CMR claims and limitation periods
- European Payment Order for freight invoices
- Romanian payment order
- Insolvency claims against Romanian carriers
EU framework that applies
Judgments from EU Member States circulate in Romania under Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 (Brussels I Recast) without a separate exequatur procedure. Uncontested cross-border claims can also use the European Payment Order (Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006) and, for small amounts, the European Small Claims Procedure (Regulation (EC) No 861/2007).
Documents and cross-border formalities
Polish KRS extracts and resolutions are apostilled and translated into Romanian by an authorised translator. In Poland the apostille is issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MSZ), after any required prior certification of the document. Court documents are served between EU Member States under Regulation (EU) 2020/1784.
- Corporate documents of the Polish sp. z o.o. or S.A.
- Power of attorney for remote signing
- Authorised Romanian translations
- Proof of claim: contract, invoices, delivery
People and staff
EU citizens can live and work in Romania without a work permit; posted workers keep home social security with an A1 certificate under Regulation (EC) No 883/2004.
What a debt-recovery file involves
Recovery starts with an honest assessment: is the claim documented, is the debtor solvent, and which procedure fits. Only then do we choose between a formal notice, a payment order, an EU instrument or ordinary proceedings.
- Claim assessment: contract, invoices, delivery and acceptance proof
- Formal demand letter and out-of-court negotiation
- Romanian payment order (ordonanța de plată) for undisputed claims
- European Payment Order and Small Claims Procedure for EU creditors
- Court proceedings and interim measures to secure assets
- Enforcement through a bailiff, including bank-account and asset attachment
Why cross-border claims fail
Most failed recoveries we review share the same root causes — all avoidable at contract stage.
- No written proof of delivery or acceptance of the goods or services
- Limitation period close to expiry when the file reaches a lawyer
- Debtor company already in insolvency, with the claim filed too late
- Contracts without a jurisdiction or applicable-law clause
How It Works
File review
Contract, invoices, delivery proof and correspondence.
Formal notice
A written demand to the debtor, often the prerequisite for court.
Proceedings
Payment order, ordinary claim, EU procedure or recognition.
Enforcement
Enforcement through a Romanian bailiff or insolvency claim.
How we work with Polish clients
Scope, stages and documents are agreed in writing before work starts.
- Legal activity since 2008 — 18 years of experience
- Remote process for Polish clients with power of attorney
Phone
+40 740 011 411Response Time
Mon–Fri 10:00–16:00
Schedule
Mon – Fri: 10:00 – 16:00
Frequently Asked Questions
Discuss your Polish matter
Cabinet de Avocatură Pantilimon Rikhárd-Árpád, Târgu Mureș. Office hours: Monday–Friday, 10:00–16:00.